The Story of the Torah from the Perspective of the Qur'an and History

The history of the Bible implies that the Torah has been formed and distorted over time. The Qur'an also confirms this issue. The Holy Qur'an, in addition to introducing the Jews as the People of the Book, uses the word "Torah" eighteen times, "which is a collection of divine teachings bestowed on Prophet Moses." On the one hand, the Holy Qur'an acknowledges and affirms it, and on the other hand, it attributes distortion to this book and introduces the Torah as one of the books that has been distorted throughout history, however, the holy Qur’an considers the part of the Torah that has been preserved to contain the teachings of God and can be acknowledged in general, and considers it a means of guiding the Jewish people and advises them to refer to it. The collection of information in this writing is library-based and their processing is descriptive-analytical. This article seeks to prove the view that the current Torah, with its various versions, has been disappeared in the ups and downs of the times, and that what exists is a very blurred and inconsistent face of the original version, and the Holy Qur'an confirms this

The Place of Siyāq in the Interpretation of the Qur'an

The term Siyāq (i.e. context) and its place and role in the interpretation of the Qur'an has always been considered by scholars and Qur'anic scholars. This term has been mentioned in the surviving narrative literature of the Infallibles (PBUT) as [connected word]. In fact, the principle of symmetry of the context and verbal and semantic order governing the body of the Qur'an, including verses and surahs, and even the arrangement of words and letters and their succession are among the principles inseparable from the word of God. It will help us to pay attention to this principle and applying it in the process of interpreting verses. In the current article, we try to get acquainted with the term context and its types, which are divided into contexts of words, sentences, verses and surahs, as well as its role and position in understanding Qur’anic verses, and the conditions for realizing the context and ways of proving and using it

An Effective Brain-Computer Interface System Based on the Optimal Timeframe Selection of Brain Signals

Background: Brain responds in a short timeframe (with certain delay) after the request for doing a motor imagery task and therefore it is most likely that the individual not focus continuously on the task at entire interval of data acquisition time or even think about other things in a very short time slice. In this paper, an effective brain-computer interface system is presented based on the optimal timeframe selection of brain signals.Methods: To prove the stated claim, various timeframes with different durations and delays selected based on a specific rule from EEG signals recorded during right/left hand motor imagery task and subsequently, feature extraction and classification are done.Results: Implementation results on the two well-known datasets termed Graz 2003 and Graz 2005; shows that the smallest systematically created timeframe of data acquisition interval have had the best results of classification. Using this smallest timeframe, the classification accuracy increased up to 91.43% for Graz 2003 and 88.96, 83.64 and 84.86 percent for O3, S4 and X11 subjects of Graz 2005 database respectively.Conclusion: Removing the additional information in which the individual does not focus on the motor imagery task and utilizing the most distinguishing timeframe of EEG signals that correctly interpret individual intentions improves the BCI system performance

Modeling of environmental aspects related to reverse osmosis desalination supply chain

open access journalBackground: This study aimed to model optimization of strategic environmental management decisions in the operation of reverse osmosis desalination, emphasizing the costs required for the environmental protection during the production of freshwater using reverse osmosis technology. Methods: This analytical research was conducted in five cities of Hormozgan province in Iran for 18 months from February 2018 to September 2019. The research includes eight phases of defining the research problem, data collection, preliminary data analysis and decision criteria, mathematical modeling, model validation, information preparation, analysis and finally discussion, conclusions and suggestions. The main environmental issues were the carbon dioxide (CO2) release rate due to power demand and rejected brine water (RBW) were entered the mathematical model. Results: The desalination plants of Abu Musa, Bandar Abbas, Qeshm, Sirik, and Hormoz with water production flow rate of 2100, 89 000, 5300, 3300 and 1500 m3/d can generate 2360.82, 100053.80, 5958.260, 3709.86 and 1686.30 tons/year of CO2 emissions respectively. This output requires 1.35, 57.47,3.42, 2.13 and 0.97 million USD for controlling the process, respectively. For reduction of the negative effect of RBW 0.75, 22.79, 1.78, 1.15 and 0.55 million USD respectively, is needed. Conclusion: Recommendations for environmental impacts protection of RBW, for desalination capacity up to 50 000 m3/d, are; (a) for desalination capacity up to 50 000 m3/d; dilution the RBW using raw water before entering into the sea, (b) for capacity of 50 000-100 000 m3/d; dispersing RBW in sea using diffuser, and (c) for capacity more than 100 000 m3/d; hybrid water desalination plants and power plant. Application of power plant cooling water to dilute RBW may reduce cost

Assessing cancer mortality in high natural background radiation areas: a systematic review

Introduction: Low background radiation levels are constantly around us, but generally there are some high natural background radiation areas (HNBRAs) in the world including Ramsar in Iran, Guarapari in Brazil, Kerala in India, Arkaroola in Australia, and Yangjiang in China. The present study aims to explore the relationship between living in HNBRAs and cancer mortality rate. Materials and Methods: A perfect search was conducted in Google Scholar, Scopus, PubMed, and databases and articles with the key terms "High natural background radiation", "cancer prevalence in HNBRAs", " natural radiation" and " mortality" using MeSH. Results: The results of this study are based on articles published in national and international journals, dissertations, and reference sites. In a total of 156 documents, 33 (21.15%) were selected. Conclusion: More recent studies have highlighted the absence of any direct connection between high natural background radiation and the prevalence of cancer in people living in HNBRAs. Some studies have suggested that low natural background radiation is not only harmless but may be beneficial to health through adaptations, while others believe that even the smallest doses of radiation are harmful

Modeling of environmental aspects related to reverse osmosis desalination supply chain

Background: This study aimed to model optimization of strategic environmental management decisions in the operation of reverse osmosis desalination, emphasizing the costs required for the environmental protection during the production of freshwater using reverse osmosis technology. Methods: This analytical research was conducted in five cities of Hormozgan province in Iran for 18 months from February 2018 to September 2019. The research includes eight phases of defining the research problem, data collection, preliminary data analysis and decision criteria, mathematical modeling, model validation, information preparation, analysis and finally discussion, conclusions and suggestions. The main environmental issues were the carbon dioxide (CO2) release rate due to power demand and rejected brine water (RBW) were entered the mathematical model. Results: The desalination plants of Abu Musa, Bandar Abbas, Qeshm, Sirik, and Hormoz with water production flow rate of 2100, 89 000, 5300, 3300 and 1500 m3/d can generate 2360.82, 100053.80, 5958.260, 3709.86 and 1686.30 tons/year of CO2 emissions respectively. This output requires 1.35, 57.47, 3.42, 2.13 and 0.97 million USD for controlling the process, respectively. For reduction of the negative effect of RBW 0.75, 22.79, 1.78, 1.15 and 0.55 million USD respectively, is needed. Conclusion: Recommendations for environmental impacts protection of RBW, for desalination capacity up to 50 000 m3/d, are; (a) for desalination capacity up to 50 000 m3/d; dilution the RBW using raw water before entering into the sea, (b) for capacity of 50 000-100 000 m3/d; dispersing RBW in sea using diffuser, and (c) for capacity more than 100 000 m3/d; hybrid water desalination plants and power plant. Application of power plant cooling water to dilute RBW may reduce cost. Keywords: Mathematical modeling, Freshwater, Osmosis, Brine, Seawater

Core values in the Islamic government development programs, based on the value balance benchmark of holy defense culture

Iran’s defense against Iraq in the war indicates a military practice on the basis of “Jihad in Islam”. Iran nation won, and created its special culture as well. This culture is a jihad-oriented combination of epic and theosophy, balanced by different dimensions of religious beliefs. The holy defense culture is a validated model not copied from out of the country, but it originates in Islamic Iranian mentalities. Therefore, its attributes can be used to clarify the core values of the country’s development programs. For this objective, the paper believes the cultural model obtained in the holy defense is a complete validated model. This paper aims at identifying the holy defense culture attributes and specifying the core values to meet the goals of the country development programs. Research method is analytical and descriptive, and the data gathering falls into libraries studies and interview. The results present the top ten attributes are Islamic thinking and divinity, belief and spiritusoity, abnegation and jihad mentality, management and leadership, people and youth, leadership guidance, solidarity and team work, creativity and innovation, engineering and scientific management, and resistance and endurance